Anastasia Shubina
Deportation | In 1943 the Soviet leadership forced the Karachays to leave their lands in the North Caucasus and move to Central Asia. Officially, they were deported for collaborating with German occupiers and opposing the Soviet regime but these charges were later dropped. During the night the Soviets cordoned off villages and ordered people to leave their homes under the threat of execution. They were only allowed to bring enough food to last them a few days. Thus, the Karachays spent several weeks on the road, suffering from hunger and disease in overcrowded cattle cars. In Central Asia the people were separated and resettled around several regions of the Kazakh and Kirghiz SSRs. The living conditions were extremely difficult. They lived in dugouts and relied entirely on their belongings brought from the Caucasus. In the first few years of exile the population decreased by a quarter. Only 13 years later, in 1956, the Karachays were rehabilitated and allowed to return to their homeland.
Khurzuk, Uchkulan and Kart-Dzhurt auls used to be the cultural and economic center of Karachay, but after the deportation they fell into desolation. Now, only three thousand people live there, many of whom are elderly survivors of the deportation or were born in Central Asia. Despite having spent much of their lifetimes in deportation, they retain their culture and language. Centuries old log houses are still standing in the auls, despite the fact that during deportation they were burned, dismantled for firewood, and turned into barns and outbuildings. Many of the houses are now dilapidated, but people kept living in them until recently. The Karachays’ houses were also plundered, but they managed to preserve their antiquities by bringing them along into exile and then bringing them back to the Caucasus.
The Russian government recognized the deportation of the Karachays as genocide in 1991. While the deportation affected all families and is painful to remember, the Karachays are convinced that their story is unjustly forgotten and strive to tell it. https://glish.org/
Zulfa Kasaeva, a Karachay survivor of the 1943-1956 mass Deportation, at her home in the aul of Khurzuk, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. She was born in exile in Central Asia and returned to the Caucasus in 1957.
Traditional Karachay log houses built over a hundred years ago in Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. After the Deportation of the Karachays, the houses fell into decay. More than half of them were destroyed, most of the others were turned into barns or farm buildings.
Azret Korakotov, a Karachay survivor of the 1943-1956 mass Deportation, at his home in Kart-Dzhurt aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. Together with his family, he was deported to Kazakhstan, where he grazed sheep as a child. In 1957, after the rehabilitation of the Karachays, he and his family were able to return home to the Caucasus.
Aminat Chotchaeva, a secondary school math teacher, on her land property in Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. She was born in exile in Central Asia and was able to return to the Caucasus in 1957.
Children of the deported Karachays, Central Asia. Photo from the personal archive of Sagit and Saniyat Borlakovs.
Abandoned shop in Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. The aul of Khurzuk was traditionally the cultural and economic center of Karachay. However, after the Deportation of the Karachays it fell into desolation.
The house of Luaza Bolurova, a Karachay woman who survived the Deportation of 1943-1956. Kart-Jurt aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.
Ali Kasaev standing next to an old house in Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. He was born in exile in Central Asia and returned to the Caucasus in the late 1950s.
The photo was taken before returning to the Caucasus from Central Asia, Kazakh SSR, 1957. Photo from the personal archive of Aminat Chotchaeva.
Traditional Karachay leather shoes. During the Deportation to Central Asia the Karachays were forced to use clothes and items that they brought with them from the Caucasus. Uchkulan aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.
Zoya Khasanova, a music teacher, in her house in the village of Khurzuk, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. She was born on Central Asia during the exile and returned with her family to the Caucasus in the 1960s.
Traditional Karachay coal tongs. During the exile in Central Asia, the Karachays relied on the tools that they managed to take with them from the Caucasus. Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.
Muhtar Danashev, a Karachay survivor of the 1943-1956 mass Deportation. Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.
Ancient Karachay teapots in Luaza Bolurova’s house, Kart-Dzhurt aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. During the Deportation to Central Asia the Karachays relied on the items that they managed to bring with them from the Caucasus.
Nyurchyuk Begeulov in the courtyard of his house in Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. When he was a child his family was deported to Central Asia where they lived in exile until 1957.
Patya Alchakova, a Karachay survivor of the 1943-1956 mass Deportation, with her grandson at her house in Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. She was born in Kyrgyzstan and was able to return to the Caucasus in the late 1950s.
Karachay and Kazakh women during tobacco harvesting, Kazakh SSR, 1956. Photo from the personal archive of Aminat Chotchaeva.
Sheep wool comb. During the Deportation to Central Asia the Karachays relied on the tools that they managed to bring with them from the Caucasus. Uchkulan aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.
A house built by Georgian Svans during the Deportation of the Karachays in the aul of Khurzuk, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. After 1943 the territories of the Karachays were ceded to Georgia,
Issaliy Bogatyrev, a former secondary school principal in Uchkulan aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. He was born during the exile in Kyrgyzstan where he lived with his family until 1957, which is when they were able to return to the Caucasus.
A house built by Georgian Svans during the Deportation of the Karachays in the aul of Khurzuk, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. After 1943 the territories of the Karachays were ceded to Georgia and formed its part until 1955.
Saniyat Borlakova, a Karachay survivor of the 1943-1956 mass Deportation, in the courtyard of her house in Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. She was born during the resettlement of the Karachays to Central Asia and returned to the Caucasus in the late 1950s.
A Karachay hook for drying meat. During the Deportation to Central Asia the Karachays relied on the tools that they managed to bring with them from the Caucasus. Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.
Robert Uzdenov, the director of the House of Culture (community centre) and the elder of Khurzuk aul, Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia. He was born in Kazakhstan during the exile and returned to the Caucasus in the late 1950s.
